Phonetics : study of speech sounds

Acoustic, Auditory, Articulatory phonetics

Phonetic Alphabet IPA

Phonetic Transcription

Vocal Tract : lips, teeth, tongue, alveolar ridge, palate, uvula,

Pharynx : back wall of throat; epiglottis : soft tissue covering the vocal cords during eating; esophagus : tube going to stomach; Larynx : containing the vocal cords; trachea : tube going to the lungs.

Speech is produced by pushing air from the lungs up through the vocal tract and manipulating several variables at the same time.

Consonants : sounds produced with some restriction or closure in the vocal tract.

Place of Articulation Bilabial: p,b,m,w  ; Labiodental: f,v, ; glottal: h, (?)  Interdental: th, ; Alveolar: t,d,s,z,n,l,r ; palatal: ç,c,z,ş,y ; velar: k,g, nasal;

Manner of Articulation : Plossives: b,p,d,t,k,g, (?) ; Fricatives(continuous air stream): f,v,s,j,th,  ; Affricates( plossive followed by fricative): ç,c ; Nasals(air through nose) m(mat) ,n(asal),si(ng) Liquids/Glides: (r)eek,(l)eak,(w)itch,(y)ou ;

Voicing : İf vibration on the vocal cords Voiced: b,d,v,g,z,c,r,l,m,n,j,w

Voiceless : p,t,f,k,s,th, ş,ç,h

Vowels : sounds produced without obstruction in the vocal tract.

Tongue position :  high: i,ı,u,u: ; mid: e,A,o,ö,schwa; low: ae,a, c(o)t ; front: ae, i,e,ö ; back: u:,u,o,a,a:,o .

Rounded vowels : tense: i,e,u,o ; and lax: ı,ae,A,ö,u,o,a,schwa.

Monothongs: cat,but,sat. / Diphthongs: time, buy,boy,go / Triphthongs: fire, layer, liar,loyal.